What are the main ideas of object-oriented programming applicable in the Swift language?

The main ideas of object-oriented programming in Swift include:

• Encapsulation — combining data and methods that operate on that data within classes or structures. It allows hiding the internal implementation and exposing only the necessary interface.

• Inheritance — the ability to create new classes based on existing ones, inheriting their properties and methods, which promotes code reuse.

• Polymorphism — the ability of objects of different classes to respond differently to the same messages (method calls), usually achieved through method overriding and protocols.

• Abstraction — highlighting common characteristics and behaviors in base classes or protocols, hiding implementation details.

In Swift, protocols are also widely used, which allow describing interfaces and provide a flexible alternative to classical inheritance, supporting multiple interface inheritance.