How is the memory structure organized for data storage in the program?

In iOS, the memory structure for data storage in a program is usually organized as follows:

• Stack: stores local variables and function calls. Fast allocation and deallocation.
• Heap: dynamic memory allocation for objects and structures that live longer than the function call.
• Data Segment: for static and global variables.
• Code Segment: for the machine code of the program.

For example, when you create an object of a class in Swift or Objective-C, memory for it is allocated on the heap, and the reference to the object is stored on the stack. Automatic memory management in iOS is implemented through ARC (Automatic Reference Counting), which tracks the number of references to objects and frees memory when it is no longer needed.

Example:

class Person {
    var name: String
    init(name: String) {
        self.name = name
    }
}

func createPerson() {
    let person = Person(name: "Ivan") // object on the heap, reference on the stack
    print(person.name)
} // after exiting the function, the reference is removed, ARC frees the object if there are no other references