Are closures with non-escaping characteristics referring to types?

In Swift, a closure with a non-escaping attribute is not a referencing type in the sense that it is not captured or stored after the function exits. Non-escaping closures are executed within the body of the function and are not retained, so they do not create strong references that could lead to a retain cycle. This differs from escaping closures, which can be stored and called later, and therefore behave like reference types. Thus, non-escaping closures do not behave as reference types, but rather as temporary blocks of code that execute immediately.