What methods are used to prevent race conditions when working with multithreaded applications?

The following methods are used to prevent race conditions in multithreaded applications:

• Synchronization (synchronized) — locking critical sections of code so that only one thread can execute them at a time.
• Using thread-safe data structures — for example, classes from java.util.concurrent or similar in other languages.
• Mutexes and semaphores — to control access to resources.
• Using atomic operations — for example, AtomicInteger, which provide atomicity without full locking.
• Immutable objects — immutable objects do not require synchronization.

Example in Java with synchronized:

public class Counter {
    private int count = 0;

    public synchronized void increment() {
        count++;
    }

    public synchronized int getCount() {
        return count;
    }
}