What are the differences between semantics?

Value Types:

• Are copied when assigned or passed to a function.
• Each change creates a new copy.
• Stored on the stack (mostly).
• Examples: struct, enum, primitive types (Int, Double, Bool, String).

Reference Types:

• Are passed by reference.
• Multiple variables can refer to the same instance.
• Changes through one reference affect all references to that instance.
• Stored on the heap.
• Examples: class, func.

Comparison:

Feature	Value Types	Reference Types
Copying	By value	By reference
Mutation	Creates a new copy	Affects all references
Storage	Stack (usually)	Heap
Performance	Often faster (no heap/ARC overhead)	Slower (due to heap and ARC)
Thread safety	Default thread-safe (each thread works with its own copy)	Require synchronization for shared access from different threads