Tell me about two semantics in the Swift language.

Swift supports both value semantics and reference semantics.

1. Value Semantics:

   • When assigning or passing to a function, a copy of the value is created.
   • Modifying the copy does not affect the original.
   • Used for structures (struct), enumerations (enum), and tuples (tuple).
   • Ensures predictable behavior and thread safety when working with immutable data.

   struct Point {
       var x: Int
       var y: Int
   }
   
   var p1 = Point(x: 1, y: 2)
   var p2 = p1 // Copy occurs
   
   p2.x = 10 // Modifying the copy
   
   print(p1.x) // Will print 1, original remains unchanged
   

2. Reference Semantics:

   • When assigning or passing to a function, a reference to the same object in memory is passed.
   • Changing the object through any reference affects all other references to that object.
   • Used for classes (class).
   • Allows inheritance and polymorphism.

   class Circle {
       var radius: Double
   
       init(radius: Double) {
           self.radius = radius
       }
   }
   
   var c1 = Circle(radius: 5.0)
   var c2 = c1 // Reference copy occurs
   
   c2.radius = 10.0 // Changing the object via reference
   
   print(c1.radius) // Will print 10.0, original has changed