Can you explain what types of memory leaks exist in applications?

In iOS applications, the main types of memory leaks are related to improper management of object references:

• Strong Reference Cycles — when two objects hold strong references to each other, and neither can be deallocated.
• Leaks due to Closures — if a closure captures self with a strong reference, it can lead to a retain cycle.
• Unreleased Resources — objects that are not released due to the absence of a deinit call or improper usage.

Example of a strong reference cycle:

class Person {
    var apartment: Apartment?
}

class Apartment {
    var tenant: Person?
}

let person = Person()
let apartment = Apartment()
person.apartment = apartment
apartment.tenant = person // strong reference cycle

To avoid this, weak (weak) or unowned (unowned) references are used.