What data synchronization tools do you know in Go?

In Go, the main tools used for data synchronization and managing concurrent access to resources are:

• Mutex (sync.Mutex) — a simple mutex for mutual exclusion, blocking access to a critical section.

• RWMutex (sync.RWMutex) — a mutex with separate locks for reading and writing, allowing multiple goroutines to read simultaneously, but writing is exclusive.

• WaitGroup (sync.WaitGroup) — for waiting for a group of goroutines to finish.

• Cond (sync.Cond) — a condition variable for notifying goroutines about an event.

• Atomic operations (sync/atomic) — for safely modifying numeric values without locks.

• Channels — a conduit for data transfer between goroutines, often used for synchronization and communication.

Example of using Mutex:

var mu sync.Mutex
var counter int

func increment() {
    mu.Lock()
    defer mu.Unlock()
    counter++
}

Example with a channel for synchronization:

done := make(chan struct{})
go func() {
    // work
    done <- struct{}{}
}()
<-done // wait for completion

The choice of tool depends on the specific task: mutexes for data protection, channels for communication and signaling.