Explain the concept of context switching in operating systems.

Context switching is the process where the operating system saves the state of the current process or thread and loads the state of another process or thread for execution. This allows the OS to efficiently utilize the CPU by switching between tasks.

The process state includes CPU registers, program counter, stack, and other data necessary to resume the process from where it was interrupted.

In Go (Golang), the concept of context switching is implemented in the runtime for goroutines — lightweight threads. The Go runtime manages a scheduler that switches execution between goroutines, ensuring concurrency.

Example: when one goroutine blocks on I/O, the runtime switches to another goroutine without idle time.

Thus, context switching is a key mechanism of multitasking and concurrent execution in OS and programming languages.