Explain the mechanism of the automatic memory management system in the Go language

The Go language uses a built-in garbage collector that automatically frees unused memory. The mechanism is based on reference counting of objects: the collector periodically scans all objects in memory and determines which ones are no longer accessible from active variables or data structures.

If an object is unreachable, it means it is no longer needed by the program, and the memory it occupies can be freed. Go uses a tri-color marking and copying algorithm, which minimizes pauses in the program's operation.

The process roughly looks like this:

1. The collector starts with root objects (global variables, goroutine stacks).
2. It marks all reachable objects.
3. It frees the memory occupied by unreachable objects.

This allows developers not to worry about manual memory management, reducing the likelihood of leaks and errors.