What is a race condition and how to deal with it in Go?

Race condition — is a situation where multiple goroutines access shared data simultaneously without synchronization, leading to unpredictable behavior and errors.

In Go, this is addressed by the following methods:

• Using mutexes (sync.Mutex) to lock access to shared resources:

var mu sync.Mutex
var counter int

func increment() {
    mu.Lock()
    defer mu.Unlock()
    counter++
}

• Using channels to pass data between goroutines, avoiding shared access to variables:

ch := make(chan int)

go func() {
    ch <- 1 // send value
}()

val := <-ch // receive value

• Using the sync/atomic package for atomic operations on variables.

It is always important to control access to shared data to avoid race conditions and ensure program correctness.