How is multi-threading managed in the Go language?

In the Go language, concurrency is managed using goroutines. A goroutine is a lightweight thread that is started with the go keyword before a function call. The Go scheduler within the runtime manages the execution of goroutines, distributing them across system threads.

For synchronization and data exchange between goroutines, channels are often used, which provide safe data transfer and help avoid race conditions.

Example of launching two goroutines:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func say(s string) {
    for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
        fmt.Println(s)
        time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
    }
}

func main() {
    go say("world") // start a goroutine
    say("hello")   // runs in the main thread
}

In this example, the say function is called in a separate goroutine, allowing two tasks to run in parallel.