How can a separate thread of execution be created and started in Go?

In Go, the keyword go is used to create and start a separate execution thread, which runs a function as a goroutine — a lightweight thread.

Example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func sayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello from goroutine!")
}

func main() {
    go sayHello() // start goroutine
    time.Sleep(time.Second) // give the goroutine time to execute
    fmt.Println("Main function finished")
}

In this example, the sayHello function is run in a separate goroutine, parallel to the main main function. To ensure the goroutine has time to complete, a delay is added in main.