How is the creation and maintenance of links between keys and values in a Map data structure carried out?

In Go, the data structure map implements an associative array where keys are linked to values. The creation and maintenance of these links occur as follows:

• When a map is created, a hash table is allocated, where keys are hashed for quick access.
• For each key, a hash function is computed, which determines the index in the bucket array.
• Pairs of key-value are stored in the bucket. If a collision occurs (multiple keys with the same hash), a linked list or another structure is used to store multiple pairs.
• When adding or updating a value by key, the map searches for the bucket by hash and updates or adds the pair.
• When reading a value by key, a similar search by hash and key comparison occurs.

Example of using a map:

m := make(map[string]int)
m["apple"] = 5
value := m["apple"] // value == 5

Thus, the links between keys and values are maintained through key hashing and storing pairs in the corresponding buckets.