Какие существуют методы распределения нагрузки между серверами или процессами?

There are several popular methods for load balancing between servers or processes:

• Round Robin — requests are sequentially directed to each server in a circular manner. Simple to implement, suitable for uniform loads.
• Least Connections — requests are directed to the server with the fewest active connections, helping to account for current load.
• IP Hash — a hash is computed based on the client's IP, which determines the server. Allows session persistence on the same server.
• Weighted Round Robin — each server is assigned a weight, and requests are distributed considering these weights (for example, more powerful servers receive more requests).
• Random — random server selection.

In Go, load balancing can be implemented using ready-made libraries or by creating a custom balancer with the desired logic.