What types of data synchronization do you know to prevent race conditions and data races?

The following synchronization types are used in Go to prevent race conditions and data races:

• Mutex (sync.Mutex) — a basic primitive for mutual exclusion, blocks access to shared data.

• RWMutex (sync.RWMutex) — allows multiple readers to read data simultaneously but blocks writing.

• Atomic operations (sync/atomic) — enable atomic operations on primitive types without locks.

• Channels (chan) — allow safe data transfer between goroutines, providing synchronization through communication.

• WaitGroup (sync.WaitGroup) — for waiting for a group of goroutines to finish.

• Cond (sync.Cond) — a condition variable for more complex synchronization.

Example of using Mutex:

var mu sync.Mutex
var counter int

func increment() {
    mu.Lock()
    defer mu.Unlock()
    counter++
}

Using these tools helps avoid data races and ensures correct operation of concurrent programs.