What processes are launched and how is a new goroutine created in Go?

In Go, creating a new goroutine is done using the keyword go, followed by a function call. This creates a lightweight thread of execution — a goroutine, which the Go scheduler runs in parallel with others.

The process of creating a goroutine includes:

• Allocating a small stack memory for the goroutine (the stack in Go is dynamic and can grow).
• Registering the goroutine with the Go scheduler.
• The scheduler distributes goroutines across system threads (M) and processors (P).

Example:

func sayHello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello from goroutine")
}

func main() {
    go sayHello() // starts a new goroutine
    time.Sleep(time.Second) // to allow the goroutine to complete
}

Thus, creating a goroutine is a quick and lightweight way to create a parallel execution thread managed by the Go runtime.