How are topics and partitions related in Kafka?

In Apache Kafka, a topic is a logical category or stream of messages where producers publish data and consumers read it. A topic is divided into multiple partitions for scalability and parallel processing.

Relationship between topics and partitions:

• Each topic consists of one or more partitions.
• Partitions are ordered, immutable sequences of messages.
• Messages within a partition have a unique offset index.
• Partitions allow load distribution among multiple brokers and consumers.

For example, if a topic has 3 partitions, messages will be distributed across these partitions (e.g., by key or round-robin), enabling parallel data processing and increasing system throughput.