How to redirect a user to a specified URL?

// The simplest way, completely replaces the current page
window.location.replace('https://example.com');

// Navigate with history preservation (can go back)
window.location.href = 'https://example.com';

// Or equivalent
window.location.assign('https://example.com');

For SPAs (single-page applications), use the History API:

// Change URL without reloading the page (for routing in SPA)
history.pushState(null, '', '/new-url');

// Replace current history state (for routing in SPA)
history.replaceState(null, '', '/another-url');

On server-side code (e.g., Node.js with Express):

// Redirect on server
res.redirect('/new-path');