Can you explain the principle of object-oriented programming?

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the use of objects, which combine data and methods for working with that data.

Main principles of OOP:

• Encapsulation — combining data and methods into a single object, hiding internal implementation, and providing access through an interface.
• Inheritance — the ability to create new classes based on existing ones, inheriting their properties and methods.
• Polymorphism — the ability of objects of different classes to respond to the same messages (methods) in different ways.
• Abstraction — highlighting the essential characteristics of an object, hiding implementation details.

In Flutter (Dart), OOP is used for creating widgets and managing state, which allows building flexible and reusable components.