Какова роль и функции компонентов control plane и worker-node в архитектуре Kubernetes?

In Kubernetes architecture, the control plane and worker nodes perform different functions:

• Control Plane — is the management part of the cluster responsible for the global state and management. It includes:

  • API Server — the interface for interacting with the cluster.
  • Scheduler — distributes pods across nodes.
  • Controller Manager — monitors the cluster state and runs controllers.
  • etcd — a distributed configuration and state storage.

• Worker Node — are the nodes where application containers run. Each worker node contains:

  • Kubelet — an agent that manages pods on the node and interacts with the control plane.
  • Kube-proxy — provides network routing and load balancing.
  • Container runtime (e.g., Docker, containerd) — runs containers.

Thus, the control plane manages and coordinates the cluster's operation, while worker nodes run applications and services, providing computational resources.