What processes are launched in a browser when entering a web page address in the URL bar?

When entering a webpage address into the URL bar, the browser performs the following main steps:

1. URL Parsing — the browser analyzes the entered address, identifying the protocol (http/https), domain name, path, and parameters.

2. Cache Check — the browser checks if there are saved data for this URL in the local cache, and if they are current, it may use them without requesting from the server.

3. DNS Query — if the server's IP address is unknown, the browser contacts the DNS server to obtain the IP by the domain name.

4. Establishing a Connection — the browser establishes a TCP connection with the server using the obtained IP and port (usually 80 for HTTP or 443 for HTTPS).

5. TLS Handshake — for HTTPS, a secure connection is established using the TLS protocol.

6. Sending HTTP Request — the browser sends a request to the server to obtain the resource (e.g., GET request).

7. Receiving Response — the server returns a response with a status code, headers, and page content.

8. Processing and Rendering — the browser parses the HTML, loads additional resources (CSS, JS, images), executes scripts, and displays the page to the user.

9. Script Execution and Interaction — after the page loads, the browser can perform dynamic actions, handle events, etc.