What tools or methods would you use to implement automation of deployment and management of a large number of servers without using Ansible and Python?

To automate the deployment and management of a large number of servers without using Ansible and Python, you can use the following tools and methods:

• Terraform — an infrastructure as code (IaC) tool that allows you to describe infrastructure declaratively and manage its state. It supports many cloud providers and local resources.

• SaltStack — a configuration management and orchestration system written in Python, but with the ability to use YAML and other languages to describe states.

• Puppet and Chef — classic configuration management tools that use their own DSLs (Puppet DSL, Ruby for Chef).

• Bash scripts and SSH — you can write shell scripts for task automation via SSH, using tools like parallel-ssh or fabric (though fabric is in Python).

• Docker and Kubernetes — for containerizing applications and managing scalable clusters, which simplifies deployment and updates.

• CI/CD systems (Jenkins, GitLab CI) — for automating build, testing, and deployment.

Example of using Terraform to create multiple servers in the cloud:

provider "aws" {
  region = "us-west-2"
}

resource "aws_instance" "web" {
  count         = 5
  ami           = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"
  instance_type = "t2.micro"

  tags = {
    Name = "WebServer${count.index}"
  }
}

Thus, you can combine IaC tools, orchestration, and scripts for effective infrastructure management without Ansible and Python.