Tell about the architecture of cloud infrastructure and how scaling was implemented.

Cloud infrastructure architecture is usually built on several key components: virtual machines or containers, load balancers, data storage systems, networks, and security services. A microservices approach is often used, where each service is deployed in a separate container or virtual machine.

Scaling in the cloud comes in two types:

• Horizontal scaling (scale-out): adding new instances of a service to handle increased load. For example, when traffic grows, additional containers are automatically launched through orchestrators (Kubernetes, ECS).

• Vertical scaling (scale-up): increasing resources (CPU, RAM) of existing instances.

Example: in AWS, you can set up an Auto Scaling Group that automatically increases or decreases the number of EC2 instances based on CPU metrics or request count. The load balancer (ELB) distributes traffic among them, ensuring fault tolerance and scalability.