What methods can be used to verify that the routing table has been updated after establishing a VPN connection in Linux?

To ensure that the routing table has been updated after establishing a VPN connection in Linux, you can use the following commands:

• ip route — displays the current routes in the system.
• route -n — shows the routing table with IP addresses.

After connecting to the VPN, these commands should show new routes associated with the VPN interface (e.g., tun0 or vpn0).

Example:

ip route

If you see a default route (default) through the VPN interface or specific routes to the required subnets via VPN, the table has been updated.

You can also check the interfaces with the command ip addr and ensure that the VPN interface is up.

For automatic verification, compare the output of ip route before and after connecting to the VPN.