Explain what the term 'strictly typed programming language' means and how it differs from a loosely typed one.

A statically typed programming language is a language in which the data types of variables and expressions are strictly controlled by the compiler or interpreter, and implicit type conversions that could lead to errors are not allowed. For example, in such languages, you cannot simply assign an integer value to a variable of type string without explicit conversion.

In contrast, loosely typed languages allow more freedom to mix types, often performing automatic conversions (for example, JavaScript). This can lead to unexpected results but also simplifies coding.

Example in C# (statically typed):

int a = 5;
string s = "10";
// string result = a + s; // Compilation error
string result = a.ToString() + s; // Correct

In loosely typed languages, such as JavaScript, such an expression will work without errors, but the result may be non-obvious.