Why should you not use the double data type for exceptions?

Using floating-point types such as double for exceptions is not recommended for several reasons:

• Imprecise representation: Values of type double can have rounding errors due to their internal representation as floating-point numbers. When comparing exceptions, this can lead to false positives or missed errors.
• Lack of error semantics: double does not have explicit semantics to denote a specific error type. Exceptions should clearly indicate what exactly happened, which facilitates handling and debugging.
• Processing complexity: Catching and handling an exception that is simply a numeric value complicates creating understandable and reliable code.
• Specialized exception types: C++ provides idiomatic ways to handle errors through specialized exception classes derived from std::exception. This approach is more readable, extendable, and safe.

Instead of double, exceptions should be represented using:

• Standard exception classes (e.g., std::runtime_error, std::logic_error).
• Custom exception classes derived from std::exception for representing specific errors.

// Example of using a standard exception
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>

void process_data(double value) {
    if (value < 0) {
        // Use a specialized exception instead of double
        throw std::invalid_argument("Value must be non-negative.");
    }
    // ... data processing
}

int main() {
    try {
        process_data(-1.0);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}