How to fight race conditions?

A race condition occurs when multiple threads or processes access a shared resource simultaneously, and at least one of them modifies its state, leading to unpredictable program behavior.

To combat race conditions, the following approaches are used:

• Mutexes and locks — ensure exclusive access to critical sections of code.
• Atomic operations — allow performing operations on variables without interruption.
• Use of channels or queues — for sequential data processing.
• Immutability of data — avoiding modification of shared data.
• Transactions and version control — in databases for consistency.

Example in Go using a mutex:

var mu sync.Mutex
var counter int

func increment() {
    mu.Lock()
    defer mu.Unlock()
    counter++
}

Thus, the critical section is protected, and the race condition is prevented.