How to get the IP address knowing the hostname?

To obtain an IP address by hostname, DNS queries are usually used. In different environments, this is done differently:

• In Linux/macOS command line, you can use the command nslookup <hostname> or dig +short <hostname>.
• In Windows — the command nslookup <hostname>.
• In Python code, you can use the socket module:

import socket
ip = socket.gethostbyname('example.com')
print(ip)

• In Node.js — the dns module:

const dns = require('dns');
dns.lookup('example.com', (err, address) => {
  if (err) throw err;
  console.log(address);
});

Thus, obtaining an IP address boils down to performing a DNS query by hostname.