What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous interaction?

Synchronous interaction implies that the calling process waits for the operation to complete and the result to be received before continuing its work. For example, when calling a function that returns a result, the program blocks until the response is received.

Asynchronous interaction allows initiating an operation and continuing execution without waiting for its completion. The result is processed later, for example, through a callback, promise, or event. This increases system responsiveness and allows more efficient use of resources, especially when working with input-output or network requests.