Where are the frontend and backend executed, and what capacities do they use?

Frontend is executed on the client side, that is, in the user's browser. It uses the user's device resources — CPU, memory, graphics accelerator, etc. This allows for quick responses to user actions without constant server requests.

Backend is executed on the server where the application or service is hosted. The server uses its computational resources — processors, RAM, disk space, network — to process requests, work with databases, business logic, etc.

Thus, the frontend is responsible for user interaction and display, while the backend handles data processing and application logic.