How will the query change if you need to count popularity over a month?

If the initial query considers popularity over a different period (for example, a day), to calculate popularity over a month, you need to change the date filter.

For example, if SQL is used and there is a date field with the event date, then:

SELECT item_id, COUNT(*) AS popularity
FROM events
WHERE date >= DATE_TRUNC('month', CURRENT_DATE)
  AND date < DATE_TRUNC('month', CURRENT_DATE) + INTERVAL '1 month'
GROUP BY item_id
ORDER BY popularity DESC;

Here, DATE_TRUNC('month', CURRENT_DATE) returns the first day of the current month, and the condition selects all records for this month. Thus, the query aggregates data for the entire current month.

If you need to count for the previous month, then shift the date:

WHERE date >= DATE_TRUNC('month', CURRENT_DATE) - INTERVAL '1 month'
  AND date < DATE_TRUNC('month', CURRENT_DATE)

Depending on the DBMS, the syntax for date functions may differ, but the essence is to limit the data selection to the desired month.