What SQL query should be written to list all users who did not place an order throughout the year?

Suppose there are two tables: users (with a user_id field) and orders (with user_id and order_date fields). You need to list all users who did not place any orders throughout the year (for example, 2023).

Example SQL query:

SELECT u.*
FROM users u
LEFT JOIN orders o ON u.user_id = o.user_id 
  AND o.order_date BETWEEN '2023-01-01' AND '2023-12-31'
WHERE o.user_id IS NULL;

Logic:

• The LEFT JOIN connects users with their orders for the specified year.
• The condition WHERE o.user_id IS NULL selects only those users who have no orders in this period.

Thus, the query returns all users without orders for the entire year.