What is TCP/IP?

TCP/IP is a set of network protocols used for communication between devices on the internet and local networks. It consists of four layers:

Network Access Layer: Defines how data is sent over physical networks. Includes protocols for Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and other technologies.
Internet Layer: Responsible for routing data packets between networks. The main protocol is IP (Internet Protocol), which assigns addresses to devices.
Transport Layer: Ensures reliable delivery of data between applications. Key protocols:
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Establishes a reliable connection, guarantees packet delivery in the correct order, and performs error checking.
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Connectionless protocol, faster but does not guarantee delivery or order of packets. Used for streaming video, online gaming.
Application Layer: Contains protocols used by applications for interaction. Examples include HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, DNS, SMTP, POP3.

The TCP/IP model is similar to the OSI model but has fewer layers and is more closely related to the implementation of protocols used on the internet.