What methods do you use when checking the system design for errors and deficiencies?

To check the system design for errors and deficiencies, I usually apply the following methods:

• Code review and design review — joint analysis of architecture and code with colleagues to identify potential problems.
• Modeling and prototyping — creating simplified models of the system to verify logic and interactions.
• Using UML diagrams — visualizing components, their connections, and data flows helps to identify architectural inconsistencies.
• Design-level testing — developing test cases based on requirements and architecture to verify completeness and correctness.
• Requirements and use case analysis — checking that the design aligns with business goals and user scenarios.
• Static analysis and architecture verification tools — automated tools for identifying anti-patterns and violations of design principles.

These methods help identify bottlenecks, excessive complexity, potential points of failure, and non-compliance with requirements at early stages.