Principles of OOP.

Principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):

1. Encapsulation — combining data and methods that operate on that data into a single object, as well as hiding the internal implementation from the outside world. This helps protect the object's state and manage access to it.

2. Inheritance — a mechanism that allows creating new classes based on existing ones, inheriting their properties and methods. This promotes code reuse and hierarchical organization.

3. Polymorphism — the ability of objects of different classes to respond to the same messages (method calls) in different ways. This allows using a single interface to work with different types of objects.

4. Abstraction — highlighting the essential characteristics of an object while hiding implementation details. It enables working with objects at the interface level and simplifies system complexity.

These principles help create flexible, extensible, and maintainable software systems.