How does the exception handling mechanism work in Python?

In Python, the exception handling mechanism is based on the try-except-finally construct.

• The try block contains code that may raise an exception.
• If an exception occurs in the try block, control is transferred to the corresponding except block, where the exception can be handled.
• The finally block is always executed, regardless of whether an exception occurred, and is usually used for resource cleanup.

Example:

try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    print(f"Division error: {e}")
finally:
    print("Finally block executed")

You can also use else — a block that executes if no exceptions were raised.

Exceptions in Python are objects that inherit from the base class BaseException. You can create your own exception classes for specific errors.

If an exception is not handled, it is propagated up the call stack and may lead to the program terminating with an error.