What components or functions can be obtained or inherited when creating a subclass from a base class in Python?

When creating a subclass from a base class in Python, the subclass inherits all attributes and methods of the base class, including:

• Methods — functions defined in the base class become available in the subclass.
• Instance attributes — variables defined in the constructor (__init__) of the base class.
• Class attributes — variables defined at the class level.

The subclass can override base class methods, add new methods and attributes, and also call base class methods using super().

Example:

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def speak(self):
        return "..."

class Dog(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        return "Woof!"

my_dog = Dog("Bobby")
print(my_dog.name)   # Inherited attribute
print(my_dog.speak()) # Overridden method

Thus, the subclass inherits all functionalities of the base class, allowing for behavior extension and modification without code duplication.