What is the difference between Checked and Unchecked exceptions in Selenium?

In the context of Selenium (and Java in general), exceptions are divided into Checked and Unchecked based on how they are handled and when they are checked.

• Checked exceptions are exceptions that the compiler requires to be explicitly handled (via try-catch) or declared in the method signature (throws). In Selenium, these include, for example, IOException or InterruptedException, which can occur when working with files or streams.

• Unchecked exceptions are subclasses of RuntimeException that do not require mandatory handling or declaration. In Selenium, these can be NoSuchElementException, TimeoutException, and others related to errors during test execution, such as when an element is not found on the page.

Thus, Checked exceptions indicate potentially expected problems that need to be explicitly handled, while Unchecked exceptions signal logical errors or issues that may arise during execution and often require fixing the code or test logic.