Tell me about a single-tier client-server architecture (1-Tier).

In a 1-Tier architecture, the client and server are located on the same device or physical server.

Main characteristics:

• Single component: All application logic (presentation, business logic, data access) resides in one executable module.
• No network interaction: No network communication between client and server.
• Local data: Data is stored on the same device using local files or embedded databases.

Examples:

• Classic desktop applications (e.g., text editors, calculators).
• Offline games.

Advantages:

• Simplicity of development and deployment.
• High performance due to lack of network delays.
• Does not require constant network connection.

Disadvantages:

• Limited scalability.
• Difficult to ensure centralized data management and shared access.
• Application updates require distributing a new version to each user.
• Dependence on the user's device (performance, disk space).

This architecture is suitable for simple applications that do not require collaborative work, centralized data storage, or scaling for a large number of users. From a testing perspective, main efforts are focused on functional and non-functional testing of the application itself, without considering network interactions.