What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS protocols, and how is data transmission security ensured in HTTPS?

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is a data transfer protocol on the internet that transmits information in plain text, without encryption. HTTPS (HTTP Secure) is an extension of HTTP that provides secure data transmission through encryption.

Security in HTTPS is achieved using the TLS (Transport Layer Security) protocol or previously SSL. When establishing a connection, certificates and keys are exchanged, which allows:

• Encrypting data so it cannot be read if intercepted.
• Authenticating the server via a digital certificate.
• Ensuring data integrity to prevent tampering.

Thus, HTTPS protects data from eavesdropping and forgery, which is especially important for transmitting confidential information (passwords, payment data, etc.).