How do you determine what needs to be tested?

Analyzing requirements and specifications.

Assessing risks: which functions are most critical for the business, which may cause the most problems for users.

Using test design techniques: equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, decision tables, state transitions.

Studying existing documentation and previous defects.

Interacting with business analysts, developers, and other team members to clarify details.

Conducting exploratory testing if necessary to identify non-obvious scenarios.

Creating a traceability matrix linking requirements to test cases.

Example of a traceability matrix structure:

Requirement ID	Requirement Description	Test Case ID	Test Case Name	Test Result
REQ-001	User registration	TC-001	Registration with valid data	Passed
REQ-001	User registration	TC-002	Registration with invalid email	Failed
REQ-002	User authorization	TC-003	Authorization with correct credentials	Passed

Sample code for automating requirement verification:

# Example of a simple function to check for an element on a page
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

def verify_element_present(driver: WebDriver, locator: tuple) -> bool:
    """
    Checks for the presence of an element on the page by locator.
    """
    try:
        driver.find_element(*locator)
        print(f"Element with locator {locator} found.")
        return True
    except:
        print(f"Element with locator {locator} not found.")
        return False

# Usage example in a test
# from selenium import webdriver
#
# driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# driver.get("https://example.com")
#
# # Check for the "Register" button
# registration_button_locator = (By.XPATH, "//button[text()='Register']")
# assert verify_element_present(driver, registration_button_locator), "'Register' button is missing"
#
# driver.quit()