What is equivalent partitioning?

This is a black-box testing method based on partitioning input data or system states into equivalence classes. Each class contains a set of values that are assumed to be processed similarly by the system. One or more representative values are selected from each class for testing.

Advantages:

• Reduces the number of test cases without loss of effectiveness.
• Helps detect defects related to incorrect handling of valid or invalid input ranges.
• Provides a systematic approach to test design.

Example: The input field "Age" accepts values from 18 to 60.

Equivalence classes:

• Invalid (less than 18): e.g., 17, 0
• Valid (from 18 to 60): e.g., 18, 40, 60
• Invalid (greater than 60): e.g., 61, 100

Test values: 0, 17, 18, 40, 60, 61, 100.