How to distinguish method overloading from method overriding in object-oriented programming?

Method overloading and method overriding are different concepts in OOP:

• Method overloading is having multiple methods in the same class with the same name but different parameters (type, number). This allows calling the method with different arguments.

• Method overriding is when a subclass provides its own implementation of a method that is already defined in the base class with the same signature (name and parameters). This allows changing the behavior of the method for the subclass.

Example in Java:

class Animal {
    void sound() {
        System.out.println("Some sound");
    }

    void sound(String mood) { // overloading
        System.out.println("Sound when " + mood);
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    @Override
    void sound() { // overriding
        System.out.println("Bark");
    }
}

Here, sound() in the Dog class overrides the method from the base class, and sound(String mood) is an overload of the method in the same Animal class.