What are the main advantages and disadvantages of monolithic architecture in systems?

Advantages of monolithic architecture:

• Simplicity of development and deployment: all code is in one application.
• Easier to debug and test, as all components are closely connected.
• Less overhead for inter-process communication.

Disadvantages:

• Scalability challenges: only the entire application can be scaled.
• Difficulties in maintenance and development as the codebase grows — changes in one place can affect others.
• Less flexibility in choosing technologies for different parts of the system.
• If one component fails, the entire application may crash.