What basic security testing method is used to identify the most common vulnerabilities?

The fundamental method for testing software security to identify common vulnerabilities is static code analysis (Static Application Security Testing, SAST). This method allows for automatic scanning of source code for typical errors such as SQL injections, XSS, improper memory management, and others.

Example of static analysis usage:

// Example of vulnerable code
String query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '" + userInput + "'";
// Static analysis will detect a potential SQL injection

Additionally, dynamic analysis (DAST) and manual testing using OWASP checklists are employed for more in-depth vulnerability detection.