a = 4 b = [4] result = (a, b) a = 5 b.append(5) Question: what is the value of result after executing all lines and why?

After executing all the lines, the variable result will be equal to (4, [4, 5]).

Explanation:

• In the line result = (a, b), a tuple is created where a is the number 4, and b is a reference to the list [4].
• Then a is changed to 5, but this does not affect the already created tuple, since numbers are immutable objects, and the tuple stores the value 4.
• The call b.append(5) modifies the list b in place, adding the element 5.
• Since the tuple contains a reference to the list b, changes to the list are reflected inside the tuple.

Result:

result == (4, [4, 5])  # True