Can you name the main design patterns you have encountered in development?

Main design patterns commonly encountered in development, including QA and test automation:

• Singleton — ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it. For example, managing test configuration.

• Factory — creates objects without specifying the exact class. Used in tests to create different types of test data or drivers.

• Page Object — widely used in UI test automation. Represents a page or screen of an application as an object with methods for interaction.

• Strategy — allows selecting algorithms at runtime. For example, different login or verification methods.

• Observer — for event notification, such as when the state of a tested object changes.

• Decorator — dynamically adds functionality to an object, can be used to extend the capabilities of test steps.

• Command — encapsulates a request as an object, useful for implementing deferred or repeated execution of test actions.

These patterns help make test code more maintainable, readable, and extendable.