How is data delivery carried out in a network without routing?

In networks without routing, data delivery is carried out using broadcast or multicast transmission at the data link layer. In such networks, devices are in the same broadcast domain (for example, in a local Ethernet network), and data is transmitted directly between nodes without intermediate routers.

Main delivery methods:

• Broadcast: Data is sent to all devices in the local network. For example, ARP requests use broadcast to determine the MAC address from an IP.
• Multicast: Data is sent to a group of devices subscribed to a specific multicast address.

Thus, without routing, data is transmitted at the data link layer using MAC addresses and broadcast or multicast addresses.

Example: In an Ethernet network, a packet with MAC address ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff is a broadcast packet that all devices in the segment will receive.