How is user interface testing performed?

User interface (UI) testing of an application is usually performed using automated and/or manual methods. Main approaches:

• Manual testing: the tester interacts with the interface, checking the correctness of element display, ease of use, and response to user actions.

• Automated UI testing: using special tools (e.g., Selenium, Appium, Cypress), scripts are written to simulate user actions — clicks, text input, navigation — and verify that the interface responds correctly.

• Visual regression tests: compare the current appearance of the interface with a reference to identify unwanted design changes.

• Integration tests: verify the interaction of UI with backend and other components.

Example of an automated test in Selenium (Python):

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://example.com')

button = browser.find_element(By.ID, 'submit')
button.click()

assert 'Thank you' in browser.page_source
browser.quit()